Chapter+4

=** CHAPTER 4 **=

= Before the Battle = ﻿ **The Battle of Cowshed** = After the Battle = = Once the battle was won, the animals realized that Mollie was missing, but later discovered her hiding in her stall with her head buried in the hay. Then there were the victory celebrations; a hero's funeral was held for the dead sheep who received a military award along with Snowball and Boxer, the battle was named, and it was decided for Jones' old gun to be fired on the two new holidays of the year: the anniversaries of the Rebellion and of the Battle of Cowshed. =
 * Before the Battle of Cowshed, news of the rebellion of Manor Farm, and the song //Beasts of England//, have spread throughout the neighboring farms of England. Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick, owners of two bordering farms, tell their animals rumors that the animals of the new " **** Animal Farm" were fighting amongst themselves, starving to death, and practicing cannibalism, all in an attempt to scare their animals enough to prevent them from rebelling. **
 * The animals first action vs the humans, revolt spontaneously after Snowball lauches his attack of pigeaons, geese, sheep, cows, pigs, and horses against Jones and other men from Foxwood and Pinchfield, everything seems well, the animals are able to make the men retreat back. However, the animals realize a sheep had been shot during the battle. **

**Valuable Quotes Explained**  **" Above all, the tune of //Beasts of England// were known everywhere. It had spread with astonishing speed" (39)**
 * The song //Beasts of England// is a metaphor for Communism in the novel. The fact that the song spread through the country side with such speed is related to the belief of the communist system expanding and spreading throughout all of the labor unions in the world due to its widespread appeal to the large population of the lower class. **

"Communism therefore appealed to the masses, as it promised to level the playing field by offering everyone equal opportunities in life." []

** "This had long been expected, and all preparations had been made. Snowball, who had studied an old book of Julius Caesar's campaigns which he had found in the farmhouse, was in charge of the defensive operations." (40) ** ** ﻿ This excerpt demonstrates Snowball's similarity to many leaders of communist and socialist leaders of the past, especially military leaders. Snowball is said to have studied Julius Caesar's military technique, just as people such as Hitler and Stalin have read books by old writers like Machiavelli. The act of Snowball's reading a book on Julius Caesar, just as many leaders have before him, shows how he is using the teachings of the writers and leaders of the past to help advance his own ideology of Animalism in the same way that Hitler and Stalin used these teachings to advance their own ideologies. ** "Since publication, ruthless political leaders, such as Hitler and Stalin, have cited the text to justify the most heinous conduct." [] ** "At the graveside Snowball made a little speech, emphasising the need for all animals to be ready to be ready to die for Animal Farm if need be." (59) **
 * This demonstrates the resemblence of a communist government, with the animals representing Russian communists and the farmers as noncommunist leaders. The use of manipulative leadership causes the animals to not quite understand why they are engaging in war, regarless fight until the end as shown through the Battle of Cowshed. **

Important Events to Note
 * -The neighboring farms mentioned in the beginning of the chapter represent the non-communist nations of Europe around the time of the Russian Revolution who were hearing about the changes occurring in Russia at the time. The owners of those farms represent the leaders of the non-communist nations, especially countries bordering Russia. They were worried about their people hearing of how much better communism was for the lower classes, and having a rebellion of their own. **

"The civil war occurred because after November 1917, many groups had formed that opposed Lenin’s Bolsheviks. These groups included monarchists, militarists, and, for a short time, foreign nations."
 * -The Battle of Cowshed represents the Civil War in Russia after the Revolution by loyalists (those still supporting the Czar after his death) against the communist revolutionaries in an attempt to restore the monarchy. Mr. Jones and his men are represented, of course, as the loyalists, and the animals are represented as the revolutionaries. **
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 * -Mollie the mare was thought to be missing after the battle had ended, but in reality had just been hiding in her stall with her head buried in the hay. **


 * -The medals, awards, and holidays created after the battle were all meant to inspire patriotic fervor in the animals. The Party in 1984 did the same thing with Hate Week and the Two Minutes Hate; they were all patriotic activities designed to inspire unity in the population and to replace any thoughts of dissension with thoughts of unity and love for the government. **

Changes **﻿  -The Animal Farm is becoming more legitimate and united. They have won their first real battle, establishing their power, they have created their own military awards, and they have established their first two holidays. They are presumably more respected by the other farmers now that they have defeated them in battle. ** ** -This chapter is mainly showing the growth of the Animal Farm's government and influence into something much more. Great similarity is shown to Russia immediately following the Revolution as the country grew in power and began to develop into the Soviet Union. ** = ** Parallels ** ﻿ ** ﻿ ** =

"...numerous riots broke out due to anti-government sentiments, food shortages, and street demonstrations." [|[[http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/easteurope/FebRev.html]]] = ** Characters ** = = = ** -“Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth of character.” (p. 35)﻿﻿﻿ ** ** ﻿This shows Snowball's similarity to Trotsky, in that they both devoted themselves entirely to spreading their ideologies through speech and rhetoric, unlike Napolean and Stalin, who spread their ideologies through more devious means. **
 * The cause of the animals' rebellion was due to many of the same reasons that caused the Russian Revolution. A shortage of food was a primary factor in both cases. **