Chapter+2

CHAPTER 2 = What is Chapter 2 About? = ==== We are introduced to Napoleon, Snowball, and Squealer who together lead the animals in the Rebellion after Old Major's death and come up with the Seven Commandments that each animal must abide by. Since the animals feel so repressed by Mr. Jones and the humans, the animals decide to protest and fight against the humans in the Midsummer's Eve battle. Eventually, they push Mr. Jones out of the farm and change the name "Manor Farm" to "Animal Farm" which the animals are happy to have all to themselves at this point. Also, Moses, Mr. Jones' special raven is introduced along with Mollie, the ignorant white mare. At the end of the chapter, the milk that is received from the cows disappears while the animals go to harvest the hay. ==== = Character Parallels = ==== **Napoleon**: Napoleon represents the leader of the animals. So far, Napoleon is characterized as "not much of a talker, but with a reputation of getting his own way" (35). Napoleon tries to lead the animals in the Rebellion against the humans. In this manner, a parallel could be drawn between Napoleon and Joseph Stalin. Stalin believed he came under the Bolshevik category of people in Russia ("Joseph," 2010). This is why he joined the Marxist movement in Russia that gave more power to the lower, working class people through Communism. Before Stalin came to power, he was part of many governing parties that had a say in the affairs of the country. Also, Stalin, the leader of the working class, was definitely selfish and "crude and cruel" ("Joseph," 2010). He wanted to be the only person with all the power while he ruled Russia. Due to this quality, Stalin killed off many people who opposed Lenin's original policy that Stalin enforced. ====

==== **Snowball:** Snowball is second in command to Napoleon, and isn't as strong as a leader as Napoleon. Snowball shows no strict or brute force like Napoleon; he spoke "quicker in a speech" and was "more intentive"(36). Snowball is parallel to Leon Trotsky, who was in competition with Stalin for the ruler of Russia after Lenin passed away. Trotsky would be "the logical successor to Lenin" ("Leon," 2010). Trotsky was born in Ianovka, Ukraine in 1897 to Jewish parents (surname Bronstein), and was a "bright and capable student" ("Leon," 1998). After college, Trotsky became involved in many political activities; such as being one of the founders for the South Russia Workers Union and the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ("Leon", 1998). Trotsky had different plans and strategies on how to control Russia, after being appointed into Lenin's cabinet. Lenin made Trotsky the "Commissor of War", which gave him full control of the Red Army ("Leon," 2010). Through Trotsky's involvement with the Red Army, they became very successful ("Leon," 1998). Trotsky represented "the opposite direction for communism" ("Leon," 1998). In //Animal Farm//, Snowball works with the animals on projects, and is very involved with them, just like Trotsky to the Russian citizens. Trotsky was very helpful to the Soviet. Even though his leadership skills weren't as strict or cruel as Stalin, he was still successful. ====

[[image:http://www.saveyourheritage.com/images/russian_civil_war_1918-1920_leon_trotsky.jpg width="276" height="354"]]
==== **Mollie:** Mollie represents the bourgeosie class in Russia who did not care much for what was going on during the Revolution ("Mollie," 2010). Instead, Mollie was more interested in less important matters such as if there will still be sugar after the Rebellion, or if she can still wear her pretty ribbons (36-37). When Mollie entered Mrs. Jones's room, she picked up a pretty blue ribbon and was "admiring herself in the glass" regardless of one of the Commandments for the animals being "No animal shall wear clothes". Mollie acts as if she is superior compared to the other animals. She cares about all the luxuries in life just like the bourgeosie class. Mollie represents how the bourgeosie felt during the Revolution. They did not care about the conflict between the lower class and the rich. ==== = Parallels to Historical Events = ==== **Midsummer's Eve Battle:** This battle took place between the animals and Mr. Jones/human enemies. The animals were tired of being repressed by Mr. Jones and finally decided to carry out the "Rebellion" against him. The animals got together, burst into Mr. Jones' store-shed, and physically fought against him and his men. Mr. Jones and his four men whipped the animals brutally during this battle. This battle represents Bloody Sunday in which the lower class fought against the government who repressed the rights of the working class. The lower class came onto government property to fight against the rich, just like the animals did. The Czar got his guards to shoot down these rebels. Essentially, the lower class wanted to kick out Czar Nicholas II and the animals wanted to kick out their version of the Czar, Mr. Jones. ====

= The Speech: The Seven Commandments = == ==== In chapter 2, Napoleon and Snowball created Seven Commandments which were the new rules to abide by after the successful revolution. They posted these commandments on the wall for all animals to see, and expected them to be followed and enforced: ====

4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.
==== The fourth commandment demands the animals to take no part in the luxuries Mr. Jones provided, because they are now free and should no longer accept Mr. Jones pampering (No more government involvement). ====

6. No animal shall kill any other animal.
==== The sixth commandment is similar to the Bible's Ten Commandments most known commandment "Thou shall not kill", this is the most important rule and usually punishment is involved if broken; breaking this commandment is the ultimate betrayal. ====

7. All animals are equal.
==== The seventh commandment represents the universal rule that most countries believe in. America puts in their constitution that "all men are created equal", communist nations created an 'everyone is equal' policy; this system was create so that everyone could be treated equal. ====

These Seven Commandments were created in order to guarantee conflict wouldn't occur. These Seven Commandments are the starting foundation the animals have to build upon.
= Changes and Patterns = ==== The major change in chapter 2 takes place when the animals lock Mr. Jones out of the farm. The major change is that the animals are now in control of the farm and everything happening on the farm. Although this seems like a relief to the animals to not have an owner anymore, they do run into a few challenges such as needing the cows to be milked frequently. ==== ==== A pattern that is quite obvious is that Snowball and Napoleon seem to be trying to take control more than the other animals. At the top of page 42, it says "The animals had their breakfast, and then Snowball and Napoleon called them together again." Also on page 44, when the milk disappeared, Napoleon was the one who stayed behind and made Snowball the one in charge of leading the rest of the animals to the harvest. ==== = Significant Quotes = =** Quote 1: **= ==== "Some of the animals talked of the duty of loyalty to Mr. Jones, whom they referred to as "Master," or made elementary remarks such as "Mr. Jones feeds us. If he were gone, we should starve to death" (36). ==== ==== In chapter two, the animals seem to be united in their feelings against Mr. Jones. Most of the animals want to completely eliminate their human enemies. However, this quote brings up an interesting point. Some animals clearly have some doubt about whether they can actually rebel against the humans. The animals on the farm did get their food for survival from Mr. Jones. Without him, they would die. If some animals feel this way toward the humans, this could cause problems amongst the animals in the future. Some will want to rebel while others will feel that they should be loyal to Mr. Jones and the humans (their providers). ====

"And so, almost before they knew what was happening, the Rebellion had been successfully carried through: Jones was expelled, and the Manor Farm was theirs" (39).
==== This quote relates back to Bloody Sunday when the peasants confronted Czar Nicholas II. In 1905, the middle and lower classes united to march to Czar Nicholas' palace. Czar got his men to fire at the people and kill them. This act of Czar Nicholas caused a revolution in Russia and set Russia up to enter into a new form of government. In Animal Farm, the animals did the exact same thing. They all joined together and took out Mr. Jones. They were then ready to set up a new way for the farm to be run. ====

"All were agreed that no animal must ever live there" (42).
==== After the revolution, the animals explored Mr. Jones home, and decided to preserve the house as a museum. This quote is significant because it relates to the all of the leaders in Russia during the Bolshevik Revolution. Orwell is suggesting that after a new leader moves into the structure (Mr. Jones house), the new leaders are left with the responsibility of controlling the citizens. That type of responsibility is to much to handle, as shown in Nicolas the II, Lenin, and Kerensky's time of ruling. The animals understand that a single leader would lead to a revolution; which is why they revolted against Mr. Jones. Mr. Jones actions created the decision to have two 'pigs' as the leaders; even though they both have different ideas and views. ==== Bibliography (2010). Joseph Stalin. //Encyclopedia of World Biography.// Retrieved from [] (2010). Leon Trotsky. //History Learning Site.// Retrieved from [] (2010). Mollie (a horse). //Shmoop beta.// Retrieved from [] (1998). Leon Trotsky. //fbush.// Retrieved from []